Radical

Exp. 1

AIM: Analyse systematically the given mixture of inorganic compounds for two anions and two cations (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 + Heat	Colourless vinegar like smell gas	Week acidic group present CH3COO- may be
2	Confirmatory test Sodium corbonate extract +neutral FeCl3 Solution	Reddish coloured solution is obtained	CH3COO- is confirmed
	Mixture + Oxalic acid + 2-3 drop water and rub	Vinegar smell	CH3COO- is confirmed

Test for Basic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	Colourless gas smelling ammonia	Zero group present NH4+ may be present
2	Confirmatory Test Bring a galss rod dipped in conc. HCl on the mouth of test tube	White dense fumes	NH4+ Confirmed
	Bring a filter paper dipped in Nesseler s reagnet on the mouth of test tube	Filter paper turned reddish brown	NH4+ Confirmed

Result : The above given salt contains anions CH₃COO^- and cations NH₄⁺ are present.

 

 

Exp. 2

AIM: Analyse systematically the given mixture of inorganic compounds for two anions and two cations (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 + Heat	Colourless vinegar like smell gas	Week acidic group present CH3COO- may be
2	Confirmatory test Sodium corbonate extract +neutral FeCl3 Solution	Reddish coloured solution is obtained	CH3COO- is confirmed
	Mixture + Oxalic acid + 2-3 drop water and rub	Vinegar smell	CH3COO- is confirmed

Test for Basic Radicals

 

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	no smell of ammonia	Zero group absent
2	Original solution + dil HCl	White ppt obtained	1st group present Pb2+, Hg2+, Ag+ may be
3	Boil the above solution in water	White ppt soluble	Pb2+may be Hg2+, Ag+ absent
4	Confirmatory Test : Dissolve the ppt in hot water and divided in two part
5	1st part +KI	Yellow ppt. is obtained	Pb2+ confirmed
6	2nd part + K2CrO4	Orenge Yellow ppt. is obtained	Pb2+ confirmed
7	Dry Test- Dippted the platinum wire in dil. HCl and ignite it with ppt.	Light blue- white flame is obtained	Pb2+ confirmed

Result : The above given salt contains anions CH₃COO^- and cations Pb⁺² are present.

 

 

Exp. 3

AIM: Analyse systematically the given salt of inorganic compounds for anion and cation (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 + Heat	No reaction	Week acidic group absent
2	Mixture + conc. H2SO4 + Heat	No reaction	Strong acidic group absent
3	Sodium coabonate extract + dil. HCl + BaCl2 solution	White ppt. is formed	SO42- May be present
	Confirmatory test : Dessolved tha above ppt in conc. HCl / conc. HNO3	Ppt is insoluble	SO42- confirmed

 

 

Test for Basic Radicals

 

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	No ammonia smell	Zero group Absent
2	Original solution of Mixture + dil HCl	No ppt. is formed	1st group absent
3	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	2nd group absent
4	Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
5	The above solution+ conc. HNO3+ boil + cool + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess	Red brown ppt. is formed	3rd group present Fe3+ may be present
6	Confirmatory test : Dissolve the above ppt. in dil. HCl and divide it into two parts 1st part + K4[Fe(CN)6]     2nd part + KCNS	Prussian blue colour solution obtained Dark red colour solution obtained	Fe3+ confirmed     Fe3+ confirmed
7	Dry test (Borax bead test) Past the borax powder on Pt wire and ignite it then touch the bead to ppt and again ignite it	Yellow-green bead obtained	Fe3+ confirmed

Result : The above given salt contains anions SO₄^2- and cations Fe³⁺ are present.

 

Exp. 4

AIM: Analyse systematically the given salt of inorganic compounds for anion and cation (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 + Heat	No reaction	Week acidic group absent
2	Mixture + conc. H2SO4 + Heat	Colourless gas with pungent smell	Strong acidic group present Cl- may be
3	Confirmatory Test Silvernitrate test	White ppt. is formed which is soluble in excess of NH4OH	Cl- is confirmed
	Chromyl chloride test Mixture + solid K2Cr2O7 + conc. H2SO4 + Heat	Dark reddish brown gas is evolved
	Pass the evolved in NaOH solution	Solution of NaOH is change to yellow colour
	The above solution + CH3COOH + (CH3COO)2Pb	Yellow ppt is formed	Cl- is confirmed

Test for Basic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	No ammonia smell	Zero group absent
2	Original solution of Mixture + dil HCl	No ppt. is formed	1st group absent
3	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	2nd group absent
4	Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
5	The above solution+ conc. HNO3+ boil + cool + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess	No ppt. is formed	3rd group absent
6	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	4th group absent
7	Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
8	Above solution +NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 solution	White ppt. is formed	5th group present Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ may be
9	The white ppt. dessolve in acetic acid solution and divide into three parts
	Ist part + K2CrO4	yellow ppt is obtained	Ba2+ is present
10	Dry Test Dippted the platinum wire in dil. HCl and ignite it with ppt.	Green apple like flame is obtained	Ba2+ is present

Result : The above given salt contains anion Cl^- and cation Ba²⁺ are present.

 

 

 

Exp.

AIM: Analyse systematically the given salt of inorganic compound for anion and cation (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 + Heat	No reaction	Week acidic group absent
2	Mixture + conc. H2SO4 + Heat	Reddish brown gas with pungent smell	Strong acidic group present NO3- may be
4	Confirmatory Test Ring test Sodium corbonate extract +freshly prepared solution of FeSO4 + conc. H2SO4 along the sides of the test tube	A dark brown ring is formed at the junction of the layers of the two solution	NO3- is confirmed

 

Test for Basic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	No ammonia smell	Zero group absent
2	Original solution of Mixture + dil HCl	No ppt. is formed	1st group absent
3	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	2nd group absent
4	Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
5	The above solution+ conc. HNO3+ boil + cool + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess	No ppt. is formed	3rd group absent
6	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	4th group absent
7	Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
8	Above solution +NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 solution	White ppt. is formed	5th group present Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ may be
7	The white ppt. dessolve in acetic acid solution and divide into three parts
	Ist part + K2CrO4	No yellow ppt is obtained	Ba2+ is absent
	Iind part + (NH4)2SO4	White ppt. is formed	Sr2+ is present
9	Dry Test Dippted the platinum wire in dil. HCl and ignite it with ppt.	Crimson red flame is obtained	Sr2+ is present

Result : The above given salt contains anion NO₃^- and cation Sr²⁺ are present.

 

Exp.

AIM: Analyse systematically the given salt of inorganic compound for anion and cation (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 +	Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence	Week acidic group present CO32- may be
2	Confirmatory test Pass the above gas in lime water	Lime water turns milky	CO32- is confirmed
	Pass the above gas in lime water for longer time	Lime water again turn to colourless solution	CO32- is confirmed

 

Test for Basic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	no smell of ammonia	Zero group absent
2	Original solution + dil HCl	No ppt is formed	1st group absent
3	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt is formed	2nd group absent
4	Boil the above solution for off the H2S gas
5	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate on the mouth of test tube	Filter paper not turn black	H2s gas is escaped.
6	The above solution+ conc. HNO3+ boil + cool + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess	No ppt. is formed	3rd group absent
7	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	4th group absent
8	Filterate of 4th group Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
9	Above solution +NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 solution	White ppt. is formed	5th group present Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ may be
10	The white ppt. dessolve in acetic acid solution and divide into three parts
	1st part + K2CrO4	No yellow ppt is obtained	Ba2+ is absent
	2nd part + (NH4)2SO4	No white ppt is obtained	Sr2+ is present
	3rd part + (NH4)2C2O4	White ppt is obtained	Ca2+ is present
11	Dry Test Dippted the platinum wire in dil. HCl and ignite it with ppt.	Brick like flame is obtained	Ca2+ is present

Result : The above given mixture contains anion CO₃^2- and cation Ca²⁺ are present.

 

Exp.

AIM: Analyse systematically the given salt of inorganic compound for anion and cation (by dry and wet test).

Test for Acidic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + dil. H2SO4 +	Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence	Week acidic group present CO32- may be
2	Confirmatory test Pass the above gas in lime water	Lime water turns milky	CO32- is confirmed
	Pass the above gas in lime water for longer time	Lime water again turn to colourless solution	CO32- is confirmed

 

Test for Basic Radicals

S.No.	Treatment	Observation	Inference
1	Mixture + NaOH solution + Heat	no smell of ammonia	Zero group absent
2	Original solution + dil HCl	No ppt is formed	1st group absent
3	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt is formed	2nd group absent
4	Boil the above solution for off the H2S gas
5	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate on the mouth of test tube	Filter paper not turn black	H2s gas is escaped.
6	The above solution+ conc. HNO3+ boil + cool + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in excess	No ppt. is formed	3rd group absent
7	Pass H2S gas in above solution	No ppt. is formed	4th group absent
8	Filterate of 4th group Boil the above solution off H2S gas
	Bring a filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution	Filter paper not turn black	H2S gas excaped
9	Above solution +NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 solution	No white ppt. is formed	5th group absent
10	Above solution + Na2HPO4	White ppt. is obtained	6th group present Mg2+ is present
11	Confirmatory Test : Dissolved the above ppt. in dil. HCl + NaOH solution + Titan yellow solution	Reddish pink ppt is obtained	Mg2+ is present
12	Dry Test : Cobalt Nitrate Test Take the ppt on filter papter + cobalt nitrate solution and ignite it	Pink ash is obained	Mg2+ is present

Result : The above given mixture contains anion CO₃^2- and cation Mg²⁺ are present.